Research

 [1] For an understanding of the importance of focusing on development see: John A. Tuell, Jessica Heldman, and Kari Harp, “Developmental Reform in Juvenile Justice: Translating the Science of Adolescent Development to Sustainable Practice,” Robert F. Kennedy Children’s Action Corps – RFK National Resource Center for Juvenile Justice, 

[2] Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman, and Kathryn C. Monahan, “Psychosocial Maturity and Desistance From Crime in a Sample of Serious Juvenile Offenders,” Juvenile Justice Bulletin, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March 2015

[3] Ibid

[4] Carly B. Dierkhising et al., “Trauma Histories Among Justice-Involved Youth: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network,” European Journal of Psychtraumatology, 2013; also see the correlation between growth and vulnerability in: Maarten Vansteenkiste and Richard M. Ryan, “On Psychological Growth and Vulnerability: Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Need Frustration as a Unifying Principle,” Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2013

[5] Fergus McNeill, “A Desistance Paradigm for Offender Management,” Criminology and Criminal Justice, Sage Publications, 2006

[6] Michael Rocque, Chad Posick, and Helene R. White, “Growing Up Is Hard to Do: An Empirical Evaluation of Maturation and Desistance,” Journal of Developmental Life Course Criminology, 2015; concept of accelerating growth is associated with protective factors and processes referred as “facilitative agents” or “triggering agents” that drive development, see: Paul W. Marko, “Exploring Facilitative Agents that Allow Ego Development to Occur,” in The Postconventional Personality, SUNY Press, 2011 

[7] Jack J. Bauer and Dan P. McAdams, “Eudaimonic Growth: Narrative Growth Goals Predict Increases in Ego Development and Subjective Well-Being Three Years Later,” Developmental Psychology, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2010

[8] Anthony Petrosino, Carolyn Turpin-Pertrosino, Sarah Guckenburg, “Formal System Processing of Juveniles: Effects on Delinquency,” The Campbell Collaboration, Campbell Systematic Reviews, January 2010

[9] Megan Bears Augustyn, “The (Ir)relevance of Procedural Justice in the Pathways to Crime,” Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2015

[10] “Perceptions and Outcomes in Adolescent Confinement,” 2014 Knowledge Brief, Research on Pathways to Desistance

[11] John J. Ratey, M.D., A User’s Guide to the Brain: Perception, Attention, and the Four Theaters of the Brain, Random House, 2001

[12] Jane Kroger, Identity in Adolescence: The Balance Between and Other, Routledge Publisher, 2004

[13] Rebecca Stone, “Desistance and Identity Repair: Redemption Narratives as Resistance to Stigma,” British Journal of Criminology, 2016

[14] Ray Paternoster and Shawn Busway, “Desistance and the ‘Feared Self’: Toward An Identity Theory of Criminal Desistance,” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 99, No. 4, 2009 (also includes discussion of the “ideal self” which is included in GFCM)

[15] Charlyn Harper Browne, Ph.D., Youth Thrive: Advancing Healthy Adolescent Development and Well-Being,Center for the Study of Social Policy, 2014

[16] Andrew J. Elliot and Todd M. Thrash, “Approach-Avoidance Motivation in Personality: Approach and Avoidance Temperaments and Goals,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol, 82, No. 5, 2002

[17] Jack Bauer, Dan P. McAdams, and April R. Sakaeda, “Crystallization of Desire and Crystallization of Discontent in Narratives of Life-Changing Decisions,” Journal of Personality, Vol. 73, No. 5, 2005